The image was moved from Edessa to Constantinople after the successful wars that the Byzantine Empire had waged in the eastern part of Asia Minor from the 920s. Accepting the theory of the identity of the image stored and venerated in Edessa with that on the Shroud of Turin makes it possible to conclude that the relic appeared in the Byzantine capital in the year 944. The content, which does not lend itself to easy interpretation, clearly reveals that the clergyman mentioned the image depicting more of the body than just the head he also mentioned blood stains on the cloth. The theory of the identity of the Mandylion with the Shroud was considerably strengthened when, in 1997, an occasional sermon by Gregory Referendarius, Archdeacon of the Temple of Hagia Sophia, was discovered in the Vatican Apostolic Archive, which was delivered to welcome the relic brought from Edessa. Wilson’s interpretations were met with scepticism by some scholars (including Averil Cameron). Although studies of the Shroud with a scanning light confirmed that it had remained folded for a long time in the past, I. This procedure was probably intended to hide the naked and tormented body. Hence, it is referred to as a tetradiplon i.e. The aforementioned researcher believes that the relic venerated in Edessa was a material of larger size and that it was folded in such a way as to make only the face visible. Some historians, mainly due to the findings of Ian Wilson published in the 1970s, are inclined to identify the cloth kept in Constantinople with the image of Christ’s face called the Mandylion of Edessa. ![]() ![]() However, this period of the Shroud’s history is also not entirely clear. There are accounts that attest to the fact that the cloth was stored for some time in → Constantinople, from where it was looted during the sacking of the city by members of the Fourth Crusade. The surviving source references are fragmentary and inaccurate, which makes a reconstruction of the history of the Shroud of Turin before the mid-14 th century not fully possible the proposals put forward by scholars are only more or less plausible hypotheses. The best documented period of the history of the linen, which is now kept in Turin, begins around 1357, when its presence was recorded in the French village of Lirey. The Shroud of Turin probably has ancient origins, but it is very difficult for historians to reconstruct its fate over so many years.
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